Editing Islamic sexual jurisprudence (section)

==Conservatism==
{{see also|Haya (Islam)|Fahisha|Awrah|Purdah|Gender segregation in Islam|Gender roles in Islam|Mahram|Islam and clothing}}
Islam has strongly emphasized the concept of conservatism, decency and [[Haya (Islam)|modesty]]; besides the lawful sexuality, priority is given to modesty and chastity both inside and outside the marital relationships.
In the [[hadith|hadith literature]], modesty has been described as "a part of faith.".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://40hadithnawawi.com/index.php/the-hadiths/hadith-20 | title=Hadith 20 :: Modesty is from Faith | publisher=40hadithnawawi.com | accessdate=27 July 2015 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810122508/http://40hadithnawawi.com/index.php/the-hadiths/hadith-20 | archivedate=10 August 2015 }}</ref>

{{quote|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: Once Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) passed by an Ansari (man) who was admonishing to his brother regarding Haya'. On that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Leave him as Haya'(self-respect, modesty, bashfulness) is a part of faith." and in another narration, he said: “Haya’ does not bring anything except good.”|Sahih Bukhari: 24}}

{{quote|The messenger of Allah said: "Indeed from the teachings of the first prophets which has reached you is, ‘If you do not have shyness, then do as you please."| Sahih Bukhari}}

{{Quote|The Prophet ﷺ‎ was “more bashful than a veiled virgin girl”.|(Al-Bukhari and Muslim)}}

Quran warns against [[fahisha]] or immoral lust.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sardar|first=Ziauddin|url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=YqAYCn1O5WwC&pg=PT307&dq=fahisha&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU867KxuzpAhXGwTgGHWHMD6gQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=fahisha&f=false|title=Reading the Qur'an: The Contemporary Relevance of the Sacred Text of Islam|date=2011-08-30|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-991149-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ṣallābī|first=ʻAlī Muḥammad Muḥammad|url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=rU11lVnBWOwC&pg=PA309&dq=fahishah&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxzZmwx-zpAhVsxzgGHVZSBWoQ6AEIMDAC#v=onepage&q=fahishah&f=false|title=The Noble Life of the Prophet|date=2005|publisher=Darussalam|year=2005|isbn=978-9960-9678-7-5|location=Riyadh, Saudu Arabia|pages=309, 310|language=en}}</ref> 
{{quote|Allah wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow [their] evil lust want you to digress [into] a great deviation.|[[An-Nisa]] 4:27}}

{{quote|Indeed, those who like that fahisha (sexual immorality) should be spread [or publicized] among those who have believed will have a painful punishment in this world and the Hereafter. And Allah knows and you do not know.|[[An-Nur]] 24:19}}

Some hadith warn against [[Fahisha]] (immodesty) including as follows,

{{quote|Narrated on the authority of Anas bin Malik, the Prophet (saw) said: When Fahisha (lewdness) is a part of anything, it becomes defective; and when haya (modesty) is a part of anything it becomes beautiful.|(Tirmidhi) }}

{{quotation|"The Messenger of Allah said: ‘ ... There are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Fahisha (promiscuity, sexual immorality) never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. ..."| [http://www.sunnah.com/urn/1291190 Sunan Ibn Majah - 4,019]}}

Modesty is maintained by [[gender segregation in Islam|gender segregation and seclution]] and it is verily required in the interaction between members of the marrigiable opposite sex called [[mahram|ghair-i mahram]] and in some case between the members of same sex and regardless of gender also. [[Islam and clothing|Dress-code]] is part of that overall teaching.<ref name="Marital privacy">{{cite web | url=http://www.quran.mu/marital-privacy-in-islam.html | title=Marital privacy in Islam | accessdate=1 December 2015 | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208211244/http://www.quran.mu/marital-privacy-in-islam.html | archivedate=8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://islamqa.info/en/138101 | title=What is the appropriate age to teach children sex education? | publisher=[[islamqa.info]] | accessdate=27 November 2015 | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044332/http://islamqa.info/en/138101 | archivedate=8 December 2015 }}</ref> In Quran, the subjects deal with modesty and privacy of men and women has been mostly described in [[An-Nur]]. For example, it has been mentioned,

{{quotation|"Say to the believing men that they lower their gaze and restrain their sexual passions. That is purer for them. Surely Allah is Aware of what they do. And say to the believing women that they lower their gaze and restrain their sexual passions and do not display their adornment except what appears thereof. -- And let them wear their head-coverings over their bosoms. And they should not display their adornment except to their husbands or their fathers, or the fathers of their husbands, or their sons, or the sons of their husbands, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or those whom their -- right hands possess, or guileless male servants, or the children who know not women's nakedness. And let them not strike their feet so that the adornment that they hide may be known. And turn to Allah all, O believers, so that you may be successful. And marry those among you who are single, and those who are fit among your male slaves and your female slaves. If they are needy, Allah will make them free from want out of His grace. And Allah is Ample-giving, Knowing. And let those who cannot find a match keep chaste, until Allah makes them free from want out of His grace."|[[An-Nur]] 24:30-33}}

{{quotation|"O you who believe, let those whom your right hands possess and those of you who have not attained to puberty ask permission of you three times: Before the morning prayer, and when you put off your clothes for the heat of noon, and after the prayer of night. These are three times of privacy for you; besides these it is no sin for you nor for them -- some of you go round about (waiting) upon others. Thus does Allah make clear to you the messages. And Allah is Knowing, Wise. And when the children among you attain to puberty, let them seek permission as those before them sought permission. Thus does Allah make clear to you His messages. And Allah is Knowing, Wise. And (as for) women past childbearing, who hope not for marriage, it is no sin for them if they put off their clothes without displaying their adornment. And if they are modest, it is better for them. And Allah is Hearing, Knowing. There is no blame on the blind man, nor any blame on the lame, nor blame on the sick, nor on yourselves that you eat in your own houses, or your fathers' houses, or your mothers' houses, or your brothers' houses, or your sisters' houses; or your paternal uncles' houses, or your paternal aunts' houses, or your maternal uncles' houses, or your maternal aunts' houses, or (houses) whereof you possess the keys, or your friends' (houses). It is no sin in you that you eat together or separately. So when you enter houses, greet your people with a salutation from Allah, blessed (and) goodly. Thus does Allah make clear to you the messages that you may understand."|[[An-Nur]] 24:58-61}}

Hadith also describes the laws of modesty. Along with Quran it has also emphasized marriage as a requirement for modesty and chastity. For example,

{{quotation|Narrated by Abdullah ibn Masud, the prophet said, "O young men, whoever among you can afford to get married, let him do so, as it lower the eyesight and guard his modesty and whoever cannot afford it, let him fast, for that will be a shield for him."|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|bukhari|7|62|4}},{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|bukhari|4778}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|1400}}}}

Islam has strictly descouraged nudity and public nakedness.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Akbar S. |title=Postmodernism and Islam: Predicament and Promise |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-92417-2 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=5ARFh_D9pzEC&pg=PA89&dq=nudity+in+Islam&hl=bn&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9kee16PzpAhVEyjgGHaK8BFsQ6AEIPTAD#v=onepage&q=nudity%20in%20Islam&f=false |accessdate=12 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Muhammad Aftab |title=Sex & Sexuality in Islam |date=2006 |publisher=Nashriyat |isbn=978-969-8983-04-8 |pages=312, 320, 414 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=BRTYAAAAMAAJ&q=nakedness+in+Islam&dq=nakedness+in+Islam&hl=bn&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC-8z_6PzpAhUJzzgGHWmEDGE4ChDoATAJegQIARBD |accessdate=12 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>It has been mentioned in [[Hadith]] ranging about men's and women's [[Intimate parts in Islam|private parts]] that,

Regarding men follows:
{{quotation|Narrated by Muawiah ibn Haydah, " I said : Apostle of Allah, from whom should we conceal our private parts and to whom can we show? He replied : conceal your private parts except from your wife and from whom your right hand possesses (concubines). I then asked: Apostle of Allah, (what should we do), if the people are assembled together? He replied: If it is within your power then no one will look at it, then you should try that no one can look it. I then asked: Apostle of Allah, if one of us is alone? He replied: Allah is more entitled than people that bashfulness should be shown to him (feel shy more to Allah than to people)."|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|31|4006}}}}

{{quotation|Narrated Jarhad: The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) sat with us and my thigh was uncovered. He said: Do you not know that thigh is a private part.|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|31|4003}}}}

{{quotation|The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Do not uncover you thigh, and do not look at the thigh of the living and the dead.|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|31|4004}}}}
 
{{quote|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (pbuh) said, "The part of an Izar (a kind of lower garment) (of men) which hangs below the ankles will be on hellfire."| Sahih Bukhari: 5787}}

Regarding women follows:
<blockquote>"Asma, daughter of Abu Bakr, entered upon the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) wearing thin clothes. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) turned his attention from her. He said: O Asma’, when a woman reaches the age of menstruation, it does not suit her that she displays her parts of body except this and this, and he pointed to her face and hands." Abu Dawud<ref>
{{Cite web |url=http://veil.unc.edu/religions/islam/hadith/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419152328/http://veil.unc.edu/religions/islam/hadith/ |archive-date=2017-04-19 |url-status=live }}
</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>"After Muhammad issued the command (Quran 24:31) for women to cover themselves, the women responded by tearing up sheets [or outer garments] to cover their faces." Sahih Bukhari (60:282)<ref name="sahih-bukhari.com">
{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahih-bukhari.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707033004/http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/ |archive-date=2018-07-07 |url-status=live }}
</ref></blockquote>

{{quote|Safiyyah, daughter of AbuUbayd, said: When the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) mentioned lower garment, Umm Salamah, wife of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh), asked him: And a woman, Messenger of Allah? He replied: She may hang down a span. Umm Salamah said: Still it (foot) will be uncovered. He said: Then a forearm's length, nor exceeding it. |Abu Dawood: 4117}}

It is forbidden for both spouses to spread the secrets of what happens between them in their private marital life; indeed, this is one of the most evil things. Quran says,<ref name="Marital privacy"/>
{{quotation|So the good women are obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded.|[[An-Nisa]] 4:34}}
And also the Muhammad said:<ref>
{{cite web |title=Etiquette of intimate relations |url=https://islamqa.info/en/5560 |website=islamqa.info |accessdate=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619112942/https://islamqa.info/en/5560 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |url-status=live }}
</ref> 
{{quotation|“Among the most evil of people before Allaah on the Day of Resurrection will be a man who comes to his wife and has intercourse with her, then he spreads her secrets.” |Muslim, 4/157}}

{{quotation|It was reported from Asmaa’ bint Yazeed that she was with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and men and women were sitting with him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Would any man say what he did with his wife? Would any woman tell others what she did with her husband?” The people kept quiet and did not answer. I [Asmaa’] said: “Yes, by Allaah, O Messenger of Allaah, they (women) do that, and they (men) do that.” He said, “Do not do that. It is like a male devil meeting a female devil in the road and having intercourse with her whilst the people are watching.”|Abu Dawood, no. 1/339}}

{{quotation|Allah's Messenger said: The most wicked among the people in the eye of Allah on the Day of judgment is the men who goes to his wife and she comes to him, and then he divulges her secret (to others).| [http://sunnah.com/muslim/16/145 Sahih Muslim - 3369]}}<ref name="Marital privacy"/>

Privacy between unmarried man and woman is not allowed following:
{{quote|Narrated Ibn `Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "A woman should not travel except with a Dhu-Mahram (her husband or a man with whom that woman cannot marry at all according to the Islamic Jurisprudence), and no man may visit her except in the presence of a Dhu-Mahram." A man got up and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I intend to go to such and such an army and my wife wants to perform Hajj." The Prophet (ﷺ) said (to him), "Go along with her (to Hajj).| Muslim 1740}}

{{quote|Narrated `Uqba bin 'Amir: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Beware of entering alone upon the ladies." A man from the Ansar said, "Allah's Apostle! What about Al-Hamu the in-laws of the wife (the brothers of her husband or his nephews etc.)?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied: The in-laws of the wife are death itself.|Sahih Bukhari: 4849,Sahih Muslim: 2172, Musnad Ahmad: 27352}}

{{quotation| The prophet said, "No man alone with an (unknown) woman but the Shaytan (evil) is the third one present."|narrated in [[Musnad Ahmad]] and [[Jami` at-Tirmidhi]]: [https://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/33/8 2165]}}

The following hadiths also commands maintaining basic privacy in societal gathering: 
{{quotation|Narrated by Abu Said Khudri: The prophet said, "A man should not look at the private part of another man, and a woman should not look at the private parts of another woman. A man should not lie with another man without wearing lower garment under one cover; and a woman should not lie with another woman without wearing lower garment under one cover except a child or a father. He also mentioned a third thing which I forgot. "|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|31|4007}},Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|31|4008}}}}

In another [[hadith]] it has been mentioned,
{{quotation|The Messenger of Allah said: "Instruct your children to pray when they are seven years old, and smack them if they do not do it when they are ten years old, and separate them in their beds."|Narrated by Abu Dawood (495)}}

There is also prescription of modesty and privacy in case of unlawful sexual acts. It is mentioned in the hadith below from [[Muwatta Imam Malik]]:

{{quotation|Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that a man confessed to fornication in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called for a whip, and he was brought a broken whip. He said, "Above this," and he was brought a new whip whose knots had not been cut yet. He said, "Below this," and he was brought a whip which had been used and made flexible. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave the order and he was flogged. Then he said, "People! The time has come for you to observe the limits of Allah. Whoever has had any of these ugly things befall him should cover them up with the veil of Allah. Whoever reveals to us his wrong action, we perform what is in the Book of Allah against him."|{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muwatta|41|2|12}}}}
An-Nisa' 4:27