Editing Kalki Avatar and Muhammad (section)

=====Hindu views=====
The content of the book is mainly a discussion of the claim that [[Kalki|Kalki Avatar]] is [[Muhammad]] and the presence of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Hindu scriptures. For this reason, Kalki Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Vedas etc. have been chosen as sources of Hindu scriptures.  Hindu scholars criticize and oppose all these claims.  An Indian organization 'Agniveer' criticized all these claims.  In addition, the book "Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar" (অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার, Kalki Avatar in the Light of Inerrant Vedic Scriptures) (2019), and the January–March version of Amriter Sandhane magazine, both published by Bangladeshi wing of [[Back to Godhead]], criticizes the claimed resemblance to Kalki Avatar.<ref>''[[iarchive:20201023 20201023 0916|অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার]]; -2019 (Bangla)'' Publisher: Shri Charu Chandra Das Brahmachari;  Written, compiled and edited by: Pranayakumar Pal and Subhashish Dutta;  Publications: Amrited Sandhane (in search of nectar) (Bangladeshi window of [[Back to Godhead]]) Publication.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=২০১৬ সালের ম্যাগাজিন – Amriter Sandhane |journal=Amriter Sandhane (Bangladeshi Wing of Back to Godhead) |date=2016 |issue=January–March 2016 |pages=18–23 |url=https://amritersandhane.com/2016-3/ |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref> But in the October–December 2016 edition of Amriter shandhane, the Bangladeshi wing of [[Back to Godhead]] claimed the mention of Muhammad in Bhavishya Purana and hymn 127, book 20 of [[Atharvaveda]] in support of authenticity of vedic scriptures, which similared to the claim of the book.<ref>{{cite journal |title=২০১৬ সালের ম্যাগাজিন – Amriter Sandhane |journal=Amriter Sandhane (Bangladeshi Wing of Back to Godhead) |date=2016 |issue=October–December 2016 |page=29 |url=https://amritersandhane.com/2016-3/ |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref> Hindu spiritual leader [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Ravi Shankar]] claimed in his book "Hinduism and Islam: The Common Thread" that [[Muhammad]] is explicitly mentioned as the name "Mahamada" ({{lang-sa|महामद}}) in [[:wikisource:sa:भविष्यपुराणम् /पर्व ३ (प्रतिसर्गपर्व)/खण्डः ३/अध्यायः ०३|Parva 3, Khand 3, Adhyay 3, texts  5-6 (Episode 3, section 3, chapter 3, text 5–6)]] of [[Bhavishya Purana]]: "An  illiterate teacher will appear, Mohammed is his name, and he will give  religion to the people of the desert", which also resembles the book.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hinduism & Islam: The Common Thread (Sri Sri Ravi Shankar) (2002) [Kindle edition] |date=2002 |publisher=Santa Barbara, CA: Art of Living Foundation USA |page=20 |url=https://archive.org/details/hinduism-islam-common-thread |quote=The Prophet Mohammed and His Appearance in Vedic Literature  The Vedic text Bhavishya Purana (Parva 3, Khand 3, Adya 3, texts  5-6) predicts the appearance of Mohammed. Therein it states: "An  illiterate teacher will appear, Mohammed is his name, and he will give  religion to the people of the desert."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Holy books of Hindus predicted about Mohammed (pbuh): Sri Sri Ravi Shankar |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/holy-books-hindus-predicted-mohammed-pbuh-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-1256845/ |access-date=13 September 2023 |work=The [[Siasat Daily]] – Archive |date=13 November 2017}}</ref>

Among all the similarities shown in the book with Kalki from the Kalki Purana, behavioral similarities are notable.  For example: Muhammad is the last prophet of Islam with the last arrival of Kalki;  Similarities of Muhammad's battles at various times with Kalki fighting on a white horse and sword, etc.<ref>Kalki Avatar and Muhammad Sahib - Publisher: Islami Sahitya Prakshanalaya.</ref> Critics cite Muhammad's contrasts with Kalki against such similarities.<ref name=":22"/> Again in the book it is said that there are similarities in various matters even applying the literal meaning.  Critics consider such literal application of the similarity of characters to be misleading and a misapplication of meaning.

It also contains critical comments on Mughal history (the texts refer to them as "Mukuls") and mentions a "Mahamad".  Critics point out that the "Mahamed" described in the Bhavishya Purana is a "[[mlechcha]]" (foreigner, barbarian) and is the "[[Daitya]]" or "[[ghost]]" called [[Tripurasura]]' who is reborn.,<ref>Bhavishya Purana, 3.21.11-12</ref> And the word "Muslim" has been said to mean a destroyer of religion.<ref name="agniveer.com">{{cite web|last1=Newar|first1=Sanjeev|date=2009-12-24|language=en-US|title=Prophet in Hindu Scriptures – Bhavishya Puran (Part 2)|url=http://agniveer.com/prophet-puran/|access-date=2022-09-23|website=Agniveer}}</ref> [[AK Ramanujan]] mentions [[Christ]], [[Moses]] and [[Queen Victoria Mosque|Queen Victoria]] in a "properly updated Bhavisya Purana".<ref name=":02">For quotations see: Ramanujan, A. K., "Folk Mythologies and {{IAST|Purāṇas}}" in: Doniger</ref> 
Regarding "Pratisargaparva" Hazra says: Although it belongs to "Bhavishya Purana" (Ik.1.2-3), "Pratisargaparva" refers to Adam, Noah, Yakuta, Timurlong, Nadirshah, [[Akbar]] (Delishwar), Jayachandra and many others.  The book also mentions British rule in India, even mentioning [[Calcutta]] and Parliament.<ref>For quotation describing the ''Pratisargaparvan'' as "practically a new work" see: Hazra, Rajendra Chandra, "{{IAST|The Purāṇas}}", in: Radhakrishnan (CHI, 1962), volume 2, p. 263.</ref>

The book also claims that the Vedas contain prophecies of Muhammad.  For example, in the Atharvaveda Kuntapa Sukta, 'Narasamsha', which is used for any praised person, the word Muhammad means praise, and the Sukta is claimed to describe Muhammad's prophecy.  The sukta appears to refer to a justly praised king (Indra), although no Muhammadan association with them is found.<ref>Dr.  Tulshiram Sharma (London UK.);  ''[[Atharvaveda]] (English language);  Publisher- Vijaykumar Govindram Hasanand''</ref> Certain verses of the mantra are precisely identified and their semantic similarities are shown in order to create the context, mainly to prove Muhammad's prophecies.  Critics see such spending as ulterior motives.

Hindu scholars dispute the book's claims. A criticism of the claimed resemblance to Kalki Avatar is found in the book “[[iarchive:20201023 20201023 0916|"Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar" (অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার, Kalki Avatar in the Light of Inerrant Vedic Scriptures)]]” published by Amriter Sandhane Prakashani. Indian organizations like Agniveer also criticized these claims.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Newar|first1=Sanjeev|date=2009-12-24|language=en-US|title=Prophet in Hindu Scriptures – An analysis (Part 1)|url=http://agniveer.com/prophet-hindu/|access-date=2022-09-23|website=Agniveer}}</ref><ref name="agniveer.com"/> Criticism states,
* There are many differences in the behavioral characteristics of both.  Moreover, even if there is a similarity in meaning, the two characters may not be the same.<ref name=":22">''[[iarchive:20201023 20201023 0916|"Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar" (অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার, Kalki Avatar in the Light of Inerrant Vedic Scriptures) (2019)]];'' Publisher: Shri Charu Chandra Das Brahmachari;  Written, compiled and edited by: Pranayakumar Pal and Subhashish Dutta;  Publications: Amriter Shandhane Prakashani (Bangladeshi window of [[Back to Godhead]]);  First release - 2019.</ref>
* In Hinduism, Kalkideva is seen as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.<ref name=":1">[http://www.vedabase.net/bg/8/17/en1 B-Gita 8.17] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429214109/http://vedabase.net/bg/8/17/en1|date=29 April 2009}} "And finally in Kal-yuga (the yuga we have now been experiencing over the past 5,000 years) there is an abundance of strife, ignorance, irreligion and vice, true virtue being practically nonexistent, and this yuga lasts 432,000 years. In Kali-yuga vice increases to such a point that at the termination of the yuga the Supreme Lord Himself appears as the Kalki avatara"</ref> He cannot be human.<ref name=":22" />{{Rp|page:14}}
* According to Hindu belief, [[Kalki]]deva will arrive at the end of [[Kali Yuga]].  That is after another 4,27,000 years.<ref name="Brockington1998p287">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HR-_LK5kl18C|title=The Sanskrit Epics|author=J. L. Brockington|year=1998|publisher=BRILL Academic|pages=287–288 with footnotes 126–127|isbn=90-04-10260-4}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Kalki cannot appear at any time in the past.<ref name=":22" />{{Rp|p:19}}
* Kalki's father's name 'Vishnuyash' means 'Yash like Vishnu' and mother's name 'Sumati' means 'Subuddhi'.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bangladict.com - অভিধানে 'মতি' এর অর্থ|url=http://www.bangladict.com/মতি|access-date=2022-07-01|website=www.bangladict.com}}</ref><ref name="Meri2004">{{citation|last=Meri|first=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC|accessdate=3 January 2013|volume=1|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|language=en|isbn=978-0-415-96690-0|page=525|archive-date=14 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114153019/http://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC|url-status=live}}</ref> but it is not seen in the case of Kalki.<ref name=":22" />{{Rp|p:38–39; 67}}
* The book compares Kalki's birthplace ''[[Shambhala]]'' with the place [[Mecca]] which etymologically means 'place of peace'.  Whereas the word Shambhal (Shambhu + Aloy) literally means 'abode of welfare'.  On the other hand, the literal meaning of the word Makkah is not clearly known.<ref name="Versteeghp513">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWQOAQAAMAAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4|year=2008|publisher=Brill|page=513|isbn=978-90-04-14476-7|edition=Illustrated|author=Versteegh, Kees|editor1=C.H.M. Versteegh|editor2=Kees Versteegh}}</ref>
* According to the description of Kalki Purana, the village of Shambal will be a place full of rivers, mountains, kunjshovit, rich nature and forests with six seasons.  A desert region without forests and rivers would not be Shambalgram.  In addition, Hindus consider Sambhal village in Uttar Pradesh, India to be the village mentioned in the Puranas.<ref name=":22" />
* Kalki was born on the twelfth tithi of Shuklapaksha of the month of Madhava (magha according to the lunar month) which is the 27th of the lunar month (15 days + 12 days of Krishna Paksha).  On the other hand, there is a difference of opinion in the Muslim community regarding the date of birth of Muhammad.।<ref>{{cite web|date=2016-04-22|language=bn|title=মহানবী (সা.)-এর জন্ম তারিখ নিয়ে ঐতিহাসিকদের অভিমত {{!}} কালের কণ্ঠ|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/islamic-life/2016/04/22/350124|access-date=2022-06-30|website=Kalerkantho}}</ref><ref name=":22" />{{Rp|pp. 57–59}}
* According to the Puranas Kalki will be the fourth child of the parents.<ref>[[Kalki Purana]] 2.31</ref> But this is not the case with Muhammad.
* Kalki's 'two' wives were 'Padma' and 'Rambha'.  Padma would be a princess of Sinhalese (present-day Sri Lanka).{{sfn|Rocher|1986|p=183 with footnotes}} does not resemble the claimed character.<ref name=":22" />{{Rp|p:45–47  }}

Indian Hindu organisation ''Agniveer'' also judjed the book by the academic works of western scholars on Hinduism. According to the organisation, the book presents the story of Abrahamic Adam and Eve, Noah, described in the Pratisarga episode of Bhavisya Purana.  According to scholars, the 'Pratisargaparva' portion of the Bhavishya Purana is considered a projected addition of the eighteenth or nineteenth century.{{Sfn|Rocher|1986}}{{Sfn|Dalal|2014}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV-RrRoMzbgC|title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics|last1=Alf Hiltebeitel|year=1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|pages=217–218|isbn=978-0-226-34050-0}}</ref> 
[[Moriz Winternitz]] says that the texts which have come down to us under the title Bhavisya Purana, are undoubtedly not the ancient works of the original Bhavisya Purana quoted in the "Apastambiya Dharmasutra".<ref>For statement that the extant text is not the ancient work, see: Winternitz, volume 1, p. 567.</ref><ref>For the quotation in ''{{IAST|Āpastambīya Dharmasūtra}}'' attributed to the ''{{IAST|Bhaviṣyat Purāṇa}}'' not extant today, see: Winternitz, volume 1, p. 519.</ref> As Gustav Glaser has shown, the surviving manuscripts of the Bhavisya Purana are neither ancient nor medieval versions of the original Bhavisya Purana. The author of this episode is believed to know both the English Bible and Arabic Islamic texts, but many of the words used here are derived from Arabic words and names, not from English sources.

The presence of Arabic words suggests that the corresponding portion of Bhavisya Purana was written well after the fourteenth century and must have been composed after the rise of the Mughal Empire and the availability of Arabic sources in India.<ref name="Hiltebeitel1999p2754">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV-RrRoMzbgC|title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics|last1=Alf Hiltebeitel|year=1999|publisher=University of Chicago Press|pages=274–277|isbn=978-0-226-34050-0}}</ref> This episode has therefore led many scholars to question the acceptability of the "Bhavishya Puranas" and that these Puranas are not accepted as authentic scriptures.{{Sfn|K P Gietz|1992}}{{Sfn|Rocher|1986}} In this Purana there are more uses of such words including ``Sante'' (from Sunday), ''Farbari'' (from February), ''Sixty'' (from Sixty).<ref name="Glaesser">{{cite journal|journal= Münchener Indologische Studien vol. 5 by Adam Hohenberger, Helmut Hoffmann| last1=Glaesser|first1=Gustav|year=1969|title=Review of Das Bhaviṣyapurāṇa |pages=511–513|jstor=29755461}}</ref>

In the book "[[Satyarth Prakash]]", [[Dayanad Saraswati]] also rejected the claim of the mention of Muhammad in Atharvaveda, and he criticised the mention of Muhammad in [[Allopanishad]] calling it as a later fabrication to please [[Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dayananda Sarasvati |first1=Swami |title=An English translation of the Satyarth Prakash; literally, Expose of right sense (of Vedic religion) of Maharshi Swami Dayanand Saraswati, 'The Luther of India,' being a guide to Vedic hermeneutics |date=1908 |publisher=Lahore : Virganand Press |page=588 |url=https://archive.org/details/satyarthprakashl00dayauoft/page/n560/mode/1up |access-date=16 September 2023}}</ref>

The Bangladeshi wing of the organisation Agniveer extremely criticised the concepts of the book and the writer and they claimed that the writer doesn't exist in reality because his academic records are not found anywhere in Bengali.<ref>{{cite web |title=অথর্ববেদের কুন্তাপ সূক্তে ইসলামের নবী: চাঁদে সাঈদীর দর্শন |url=https://www.agniveerbangla.org/2018/03/blog-post_1.html?m=1 |website=Bangladesh Agniveer |access-date=16 September 2023 |language=en |date=5 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=কল্কি অবতার ই কি নবী মুহাম্মদ? |url=https://www.agniveerbangla.org/2020/07/blog-post_9.html?m=1 |website=Bangladesh Agniveer |access-date=16 September 2023 |pages=9 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>