Editing Muhammad ﷺ (section)

=== Invasion of the Banu Qurayza ===
{{Main|Invasion of Banu Qurayza}}
On the exact day the [[Quraysh]] forces and their allies withdrew, Muhammad, while bathing at his wife's abode, received a visit from the angel [[Gabriel]], who instructed him to attack the Jewish tribe of [[Banu Qurayza]].{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=148}}{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=141}}{{sfn|Glubb|2001|p=249}} Islamic sources recount that during the [[Battle of the Trench|preceding Meccan siege]], the Quraysh leader [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]] incited the Qurayza to attack the Muslims from their compound, but the Qurayza demanded the Quraysh to provide 70 hostages from among themselves to ascertain their commitment to their plans, as proposed by Muhammad's secret agent [[Nuaym ibn Masud|Nu'aym ibn Mas'ud]]. Abu Sufyan refused their requirement.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=147–8}} Nevertheless, later accounts claim that 11 Jewish individuals from the Qurayza were indeed agitated and acted against Muhammad, though the course of event may have been dramatized within the tradition.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=211}}{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=141}}

Citing the intrigue of the Qurayza, Muhammad besieged the tribe, though the tribe denied the charges.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=211–2}}{{sfn|Miller|2011|p=91}}{{sfn|Lapidus|2012|p=42}} However, there are sources that say the [[Banu Qurayza]] broke the treaty with Muhammad and assisted the enemies of Muslims during the [[Battle of the Trench]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last1=Ibn Hishām |first1=ʻAbd al-Malik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tug7AAAAMAAJ |title=The Life of Muhammad |last2=Ibn Isḥāq |first2=Muḥammad|date=1967 |publisher=Pakistan Branch, Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-636034-8 |pages=453}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ibn Sa'd |first=Muḥammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ |title=Kitab Al-tabaqat Al-kabir - Volume 2 |date=1972 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society }}</ref>{{efn|see:
*{{harvnb|Al-Tabari|1997|p=14}}
*{{harvnb|Armstrong|2007|p=148}}
*{{harvnb|Brown|2011|p=42}}
*{{harvnb|Irving|1904|p=149}}
*{{harvnb|Muir|1861|p=259}}
*{{harvnb|Ramadan|2007|p=140}}
*{{harvnb|Waqidi|2011|p=225}}
*{{harvnb|Watt|1974|pp=170–173}}
* ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'',  hadith [https://web.archive.org/web/20231126075659/https://sunnah.com/muslim:1766a 1776a] in Sunnah.com
*{{Cite web |title=Banu Qurayza |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100359632 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Oxford Reference }}}} As the situation turned against the Qurayza, the tribe proposed to leave their land with one loaded camel each, but Muhammad refused. They then offered to leave without taking anything, but this was rejected as well, with Muhammad insisting on their unconditional surrender.{{sfn|Kister|2022|p=62}}{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|pp=211–212}} The Qurayza subsequently requested to confer with one of their [[Banu Aws|Aws]] allies who had embraced Islam, leading to the arrival of [[Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir|Abu Lubaba]]. When asked about Muhammad's intentions, he gestured towards his throat, indicating an imminent massacre. He immediately regretted his indiscretion and tied himself to one of the Mosque pillars as a form of penance.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=212}}{{sfn|Kister|2022|p=62}}

After a 25-day siege, the Banu Qurayza surrendered.{{sfn|Glubb|2001|p=251}} The Muslims of Banu Aws entreated Muhammad for leniency, prompting him to suggest that one of their own should serve as the judge, which they accepted. Muhammad assigned the role to [[Sa'd ibn Mu'adh|Sa'd ibn Muadh]], a man nearing death from an infection in his wounds from the previous Meccan siege.{{sfn|Glubb|2001|p=251}}{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=212}}{{sfn|Nagel|2020|p=119}} He pronounced that all the men should be put to death, their possessions to be distributed among Muslims, and their women and children to be taken as captives. Muhammad approved this pronouncement saying it aligned with the God's judgement.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=212}}{{sfn|Glubb|2001|p=251}} Consequently, 600–900 men of Banu Qurayza were executed. The women and children were distributed as slaves, with some being transported to [[Najd]] to be sold. The proceeds were then utilized to purchase weapons and horses for the Muslims.{{sfn|Glubb|2001|p=252}}{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=152}}{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=213}}{{sfn|Hazleton|2014|p=235}}