Editing Muhammad ﷺ (section)

===Meccan retaliation===
{{Main|Battle of Uhud}}
[[File:The Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim Army at the Battle of Uhud, from the Siyer-i Nebi, 1595.jpg|thumb|"The Prophet Muhammad and the Muslim Army at the [[Battle of Uhud]]", from a 1595 edition of the [[Mamluk]]-Turkic ''[[Siyer-i Nebi]]'']]

In 625, the [[Quraysh]], wearied by Muhammad's continuous attacks on their caravans, decided to take decisive action. Led by [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], they assembled an army to oppose Muhammad.{{sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993|p=370}}{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=110}} Upon being alerted by his scout about the impending threat, Muhammad convened a war council. Initially, he considered defending from the city center, but later decided to meet the enemy in open battle at [[Mount Uhud|Uhud]] Hill, following the insistence of the younger faction of his followers.{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=113}} As they prepared to depart, the remaining Jewish allies of [[Abd Allah ibn Ubayy|Abdullah ibn Ubayy]] offered their help, which Muhammad declined.{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=113–4}} Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims initially held their ground but lost advantage when some archers disobeyed orders.{{sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993|p=370}} As rumors of Muhammad's death spread, the Muslims started to flee, but he had only been injured and managed to escape with a group of loyal adherents. Satisfied they had restored their honor, the Meccans returned to [[Mecca]].{{sfn|Buhl|Welch|1993|p=370}}{{sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=120–3}} Mass casualties suffered by the Muslims in the Battle of Uhud resulted in many wives and daughters being left without a male protector, so after the battle, Muhammad received [[An-Nisa|revelation]] allowing Muslim men to have up to four wives each, marking the beginning of [[polygyny in Islam]].{{sfn|Armstrong|2013|p=23|loc=Chapter Four: Jihad}}

Sometime later, Muhammad found himself needing to pay blood money to [[Banu 'Amir|Banu Amir]]. He sought monetary help from the Jewish tribe of [[Banu Nadir]],{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=137}}{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=191}}{{sfn|Gabriel|2014|p=127}} and they agreed to his request.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=191}} However, while waiting, he departed from his companions and disappeared. When they found him at his home, according to [[Ibn Ishaq]], Muhammad disclosed that he had received a divine revelation of a planned assassination attempt on him by the Banu Nadir, which involved dropping a boulder from a rooftop. Muhammad then initiated a siege on the tribe;{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=192}}{{Sfn|Gabriel|2007|p=127–8}} during this time he also commanded the felling and burning of their palm groves,{{sfn|Peters|1994|p=219}} which was an unambiguous symbol of declaring war in Arabia.{{sfn|Armstrong|2013|p=30|loc=Chapter Four: Jihad}} After a fortnight or so, the Banu Nadir capitulated.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=193}} They were directed to vacate their land and permitted to carry only one camel-load of goods for every three people.{{sfn|Hazleton|2014|p=240}} From the spoils, Muhammad claimed a fertile piece of land where barley sprouted amongst palm trees.{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=194}}